Mandukya Upanishad
The shortest principal Upanishad, twelve verses analysing OM and the four states of consciousness: waking, dream, deep sleep, and the fourth (turiya).
A quick reference entry. For the full account, follow the guides below.
Appears in
- The Mandukya Upanishad: twelve verses, four states, one sound Treatise
The Mandukya Upanishad, ascribed to the Atharva Veda and the latest of the ten principal Upanishads, is twelve prose sentences long. It declares that the whole…
- What are the Upanishads? Scriptures
The Upanishads are a body of Sanskrit texts, the latest layer of the Veda, composed across several centuries beginning around the 7th to 6th century BCE. The two…
- The Unwritten Library Treatise
For roughly three thousand years, the most important texts in India were never written down. They were heard, memorized syllable by syllable, and carried across a…
- Nada, Bindu, and Om Treatise
And the text that opens it is one of the shortest and most important in all of Indian thought, the Mandukya Upanishad , twelve verses of prose that say more per word than almost anything ever written.
- What remains Treatise
It belongs to Gaudapada, the teacher of Shankara's teacher, in his commentary in verse on the Mandukya Upanishad .